IB Topics Paper Preparation

IB Topics Paper PreparationHow to get a 7 on the IB topics paper is not that difficult once you have made your selection of the subjects you wish to study. You need to know exactly what areas that are going to be covered in each subject area. You should know the specific objectives and goals for each subject area before you begin the entire IB topics paper preparation process.Once you have made your selections, then you can start the IB topics paper preparation process. Once you have identified your subjects, you will need to decide which of the IB topics will serve as your planning area. The IB curriculum has a number of subjects, and it is important to determine which ones you will be studying. Your topic selection should focus on three areas: writing, learning and problems solving.Before you begin IB topics paper preparation, you should establish how many subjects you will be covering and the topics that will be the foundation of the IB curriculum. The IB curriculum covers a varie ty of subjects including English, Math, Social Studies, Science, Humanities, Geography, and others. Before making your choice of topics, you should determine the total number of subjects that are required to complete your degree. This number should include the basic sciences, the humanities, social studies, math, foreign languages, business, arts and other special areas. You should also include the areas of specialization that you plan to pursue.After you have determined the number of subjects required to complete your IB degree, you can start the IB topics paper preparation process. The first step in IB topics paper preparation is determining your interests. Start by identifying your major, or area of concentration, and list the subjects that will fulfill the course. Then list the areas of concentration that you intend to explore for each of the subjects you intend to cover. This will give you a starting point as you move through IB topics paper preparation. When you are working on your IB topics paper, the topics will serve as your planning area. The topics will help you to identify and outline the goals and objectives that you have for each of the subjects you will be covering. It will also help you to determine the overall learning approach you will take in each of the subjects.It is important to develop a plan for the specific times of the day you will work on your IB topics. For example, if you are studying Math topics at night, then you will want to schedule that time of the day. If you are studying English topics at night, then you may want to set aside some time during the day. Most of the time, when you are doing IB topics paper preparation, you will be assigned topics and this will help you to focus and manage your time better. Since the topics are included in the IB curriculum, it will not be difficult to complete the IB topics paper in a timely manner.You will want to develop a learning strategy for each of the IB topics that you choose to cover. A good learning strategy for each subject is for you to learn about the subject as much as possible. It is important to learn the fundamentals and the main points that will help you learn the rest of the information. Take time to research the topic, so that you can have a good idea of what to expect when you are doing the IB topics paper.With a little planning and some careful attention to detail, you will be able to prepare for the IB curriculum. You will be able to learn and understand the curriculum and the methods that are used to teach the IB curriculum to students in the classroom. In addition, you will have an idea of the objectives that you have for each of the IB topics that you choose to study and you will be able to perform better when it comes to the IB topics paper preparation.

Essay on Criminology - Advanced Surveillance - 3236 Words

How effective are CCTV cameras as a proven crime control and prevention measure? Describe the crime control literature which attempts to assess their efficacy and evaluate the impact such studies have had on overall proliferation of these systems. Illustrate your answer by reference to both official reports and academic and NGO studies supporting or contradicting such claims. This essay will aim to critically discuss CCTV cameras as a proven method of crime control and prevention tool. In order to analyse academic, official and Non Government Organisation (NGO) studies, it is important to consider the rise of CCTV. CCTV is the one of the fastest growing forms of surveillance and crime control in the UK. CCTV was gradually diffused†¦show more content†¦(Privacy International; 1992) The government believes that CCTV deters opportunistic crime such as , vehicle crime, burglaries and robbery. Research assessing the effectiveness of CCTV; confirms that it is effective in reducing property crime such as burglary and robbery. The ‘rational choice theory’ can be used to explain this belief. This theory suggests that, delinquent individuals seek to maximise their profits and reduce their losses. This is dependent on the information that is available to them at the time of committing the offence. (Cornish and Clark 1985) CCTV then, reduces the opportunistic gain and increases the risk of being caught. (Armitage 2002; 3) However Jason Dutton, Director of the Scottish centre of Criminology stated that glowing reductions in criminogenic behaviour since implementation of CCTV systems, is a fantasy (Privacy International; 1992) Dutton’s statement could be rationalised when reflecting upon crimes such as public disorder. Reflecting back to the rational choice theory: Crimes that have involved alcohol consumption appear to reduce the perpetrators ‘rationality’, and thus the risk of being caught in CCTV is reduced. (Armitage 2002; 3) CCTV cameras are creating high levels of conviction. According to privacy International, nearly everyone who recorded by CCTV committing a crime pleaded guilty. For example, In Newcastle, the installation of 16 camera system resulted in a 100% increase of guilty pleas. Privacy International also foundShow MoreRelatedPolice and Law Enforcement Essay example604 Words   |  3 Pagesweapons of crime commission, yet is provides police agencies and criminal justice personnel with powerful tools useful in the battle against crime,† (Criminology Today, Frank Schmalleger, pp. 385). Criminology will always be linked to technology, even if that technology is seen as primitive or groundbreaking. 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Introduction All the developed countries (developing countries are also in no way lagging behind) the incidence of the people being monitored under various surveillance systems is high of which closed circuit television system (CCTV) is gaining dominance. For instance, the UK has over 4.2 million of them, giving it a ratio of one for every 14 persons and the USA is reported to have been installing it on a rapid pace in every conceivable location as town centers, schools, public transportationRead MoreTechniques Used For Preventing Routine Activity Theory Essay3936 Words   |  16 Pagesresidential burglary is to understand why it happens, and to whom does it happen to. One theory that can successfully explain how to prevent residential burglary is the routine activity theory. Routine activity theory is known as environmental criminology, in which the behavioral patterns and intersections of people in time and space influence where and when crimes would occur. Routine activity theory states that a crime occurs when the following three elements come together in any given space andRead MoreSchools of Criminology5403 Words   |  22 Pagescrime and with it, the study of criminology. The study of criminology is an accumulation of centuries of beliefs, ideas, norms and laws of various societies. Because crime is a part of every human society, the study of criminology is also imperative to all societies. In this project report, I will discuss the various schools of thoughts of criminology starting from the early seventeenth century to the modern day schools of criminological thought. Schools of criminology It has been generally acceptedRead MoreThe Wide Web : The Deep Dark Web1779 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"[e]ncryption is one of the things that makes the public safe† (Valenzuela, 2016, para. 2) The desire for encryption for online privacy is not a recent phenomenon, and it can be traced to the earliest days of what we now know as online communications. The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET), the predecessor to the Internet, was increasing in size and usage, spreading across the Atlantic to Norway and Britain (CQ Researcher, 2016). With this expansion came an increasing need to ensure thatRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System3724 Words   |  15 Pagesprofile. Deterring any person that may be willing to commit a particular crime is more effective in this circumstance. This form of deterrence is the most common type of deterrence we see day in and day out. Security tags at a retail store, camera surveillance, warning signs, no trespassing, electric fences are all form of general deterrence. Sentencing guidelines also work to ensure that consistently offender s are given criminal sentences that are in line to the crime committed (Carlsmith, 2002)

Some Major Parts of Industrial Relations in Bangladesh Essay Example For Students

Some Major Parts of Industrial Relations in Bangladesh Essay Trade union Trade union is an organization foresees. It is formed with a view to improve the condition of workers in the organization and in society and also for collective with management. A made union bridges the relationship between workers and workers and also between workers and employers. Trade union is an organization of workers formed to promote, protect and improve through collective action, the social, economic and political interests of its members Nature of trade unions of Bangladesh: The nature of trade union varies from country to country because the philosophy, mentality, political situation, ideology f trade union leaders and workers etc. Vary widely. Trade unions are subdivided into different parts. Their interval collision forbids them to unite and the The trades unions of Bangladesh are highly politicized. They are subordinated to different political parties. Trade unions in Bangladesh are structurally vary weak. Trade unions take part in different job related move ments as well as political movements not related to their jobs. The leaders of trade unions are very much concerned about their own selfish interests rather than the interests Of heir followers. Our trade unions are financially and structurally vary weak to face the united strength of their employers. The leaders of trade unions are autocratic in their behavior. Hardly they to listen to the genuine grievance of workers. There is a death of knowledgeable union leaders. Lack of knowledge about labor laws makes the leaders ineffective to safeguard the interests of workers visitvisit employers. The general workers have little faith in the integrity Of trade unions leaders. Objective of trade union:- To ensure standard wage rate for workers To help determine proper working conditions like working hours, leave, social, security etc for members To ensure job security of the workers, To protect the interests of workers ibis-a-visit the invests of the society. To reduce conflicts between wor kers and management of the organizations To ensure participation of workers in the profit of the organization. To develop job status of the workers To increase self-confidence and class consciousness of the workers so that they can work with dignity and avoid being exploited. TO bargain with management through ABA for different issues involving workers interests. To ensure participations Of workers in decision making With management in the organization. To remove the financial incapability of the workers and to protect them from autocratic mentality Of management. Trade union Structure in Bangladesh: The trade unions structure of Bangladesh is compared of the following three components: Basic unions: the leaders of such trade unions are elected by the direct vote of the workers. There are more than four thousand registered basic trade unions in Bangladesh. A) General trade union: Any workers or employee Of the respective enterprise, sugarless of the jobs, can be a member of this typ e of trade union. ) Industrial union: this kind Of trade unions is formed by the workers of an enterprise belonging to a particular industry like jute industry. Footwear industry, garment industry etc. C) Conflict union: this kind Of union is formed by the skilled workers of different industries; each member is skilled in one profession. D) Blue collar union: blue collar union is formed with those workers who are directly related to production. This type of union helps a decisive role in labor movement. ) White collar union: this sort of union is formed with the employers/ staffs of an enterprise who are directly related to production f) Reined union: this kind of union is formed with blue who blue and white collar employees together. The member of such unions is both production workers and office employers of the same organization. G) CAB union: such unions one bargaining agents of workers. They are elected by workers for a definite Industrial federation: Industrial federations are formed with the affiliation of different basic unions belonging to a particular industry. Industrial federations help solve job related issues of the workers through discussion with the management. This kind of federations of unions cans e embers of different national and industrial federation. National federation: national federation act as co ordinations Of affiliated basic unions and industrial federation. At present many national federation are united under are banner called SKIP but many federations have political affiliation for Which the labor movement cannot reach the desired goal. Challenge of R: Emerging trends and Issues:- Liberalizing has been forced by globalization. Both phenomena have been facilitated by the significant growth in world mode and foreign direct investment in recent years and why information technology which has facilitated rapid uncial transaction and change in production and service locations around the world. Globalization: there is no preparation to incite. The challenges of globalization the parties involved in the industry behave differently in the new circumstances. Important liberationists: FAD will be discommoded and industrial base would not be enough to sustain the economic growth tooth country. Prevarication: It will benefit management. But the employees have to be skilled and efficient enough to survive in the employment war. Information technology: Industrialization can be possible only through information technology. It ill help to sustain economic growth. Downsizing: Due to increased competition, some firms have become small er and others have been compelled to downsize their business. Reengineering: it is an inevitable phenomenon of globalization to maintain cost-effectiveness of a firm. Workforce diversity: In this time of global competing, employees any have multidimensional shill so hey can meet the various needs of the fir, at the time of need. Service and productivity movement: it is new trend In the developed world and it is becoming a global standard in the developing country as bevel_ Total quality movement: he current market is a consumer market and the producers and bound to maintain quality Of their goods and services as per the expectation Of consumers. Free flow of manpower: that the employee from different of the world Will move to their preferred place to utilize their shill and earn their just dues inevitable in this age of global competition. Managerial Obsolescence: to face the challenges of ever changing world of equal standard manager must make themselves equipped with the required managerial skills for sunning their forms in a cost effective way. Economic condition and social pressure: the employee s the developing countries suffer from economic conditions it they lose their job failing to improve their efficiency and productivity. Employee involvement and participation:- Typology of forms: there are a variety of ways in which bridge the gap not least. Through joint consolation and collective bargaining and these may be differentiated by reticence to three constituent elements; Method or extent, Direct forms allow employees to be personally and actually involves in the decision making process, indirect forms . The mans of employees to a relatively passive role and rely on employee representation to carry on the active role of session and deliberating with management on their behalf. Level within the organizational hierarchy: the process can tale place at any level, from the of the employees immediate work situation both broad level. Objective or scope: the managerial function and decisions which provide the content Of the participatory process may be task centre or power centre. Industrial rules: Withdraw Of co-operation: Withdraw Of representative from institution. Excessive of the formal procedures interpreta tion of any status co provisions. Absence Of flexibility on the part Of employees and their representatives in the resolution of work problems. Work to rule: strictly interpreting the duties specified in the contract of employment, collective agreement, job description or other rules and requiring precise instruction from management regarding the execution of work. Overtime bonus: collective refusal the work outside normal contractual hours of work, thereby affecting the role of production. Go slow: willing without enthusiasm and at a lower lever of performance than normal. Strike: temporary withdrawal of labor and stoppage of work, Work in: occupying the workplace and possibly continuing to work but management access to or contrast of the output. Industrial action process: The legal framework: at common lava a shrike is both a breach of the individuals contract of employment and a collective restraint of trade. But because it can be regarded as socially necessary industrial action has been given a degree of protection by statute law. Trade dispute: trade dispute contained in the trade disputes act (1906) any dispute between employers and workmen or between workmen and workmen, which is connected with the employment or non-employment or the terms of employment, or with the conditions of labor of any person. Drop The Bomb? (Better Version) EssayNegotiations encounter: The other Para also hired to do the same as the first part of negotiations. Its called the negotiations encounter. Termination: Successful negotiation result in termination, Pay: Paeans momentary benefit given to employee tar their work. There in another essence to pay and that is called wider sense. The range of financial benefits given to the employees for their work. Working arrangement: Means the way jobs are constructed and labor are used (activity that related to organization deeds. Describe/ Factory the determining to pay: (1) Squibb policy, (2) Cost of living (3) Compatibility (4) Profitability (S) Productivity (6) Gobo. Policy (7) Trade union. Working arrangement: Productivity bargaining: employees formal changes in a series of often interrelated working arrangements which may hinder the reticent utilization of labor. New technology agreements: Trade unions tried to ensue that the introduction of new technology was subject to collective agreement and that is benefit were reflected both in the terms and conditions Of the employees and in impending employment. Labor flexibility: The twin concepts of flexibility and core/periphery employees achieved prominence as possible elements Of managements strategy to become more competitive while at the some time, being reluctant to recruit more full time permanent reemployed. Grievance: The term procedure refers to those organization mechanisms which provide a formal regulatory frameworks for handling specified issues and in so doing define and limit the exercise of managerial authority and power. Grievance produces: The purpose of a gruesome is to establish the organization climate, objectives and manner in which manger will be expected to respond to any grievance or dispute presented by employees. Grievance process: (l) Industrial love: means that it may be used by employees or union to rename that management complies with the terms any collective agreements or its own policies and decisions. (2) Continuing administration of collective agreement: means that few of its provisions apply autocratically or without some parsons in authoring making decision about the nature of given situation and the making of the agreement. 3)Fractional bargaining: The grievance process may be used to each agreement on issues not overfed by the terms of enlisting collective agreement. (4) Resolution of any failure to agree which arises during negotiation: It is to this accept of its families as a formal part of the main collective bargaining system, that the term dispute may be most appropriately replied. Operations process/ Main consideration in the process g. P. 1. Work satisfaction: The satisfaction which employees seek from work both extrinsic and intrinsic Will vary both between employ and within each employee overtime. . Esoterically system: Increased formal used of the grievance/dispute recess may arise structural feature associated With the relationship Of the employees the their work and management. 3. Change and adoptions: The grievance process allows employees to challenges change obtain assurance that it is necessary and influence the change so that it causes the least disruption to them. 4. Power and authority: A management wishes to satisfy employees by finding a mutually acceptable solution, the grievance process is part of joint regulation within the organization. Short note: Job redundancy: Where a particular job cases to exist part the recumbent employee are founds alternative work with the organization. Discipline: Discipline means rules and regulation for conducting human life, Discipline in industrial relations is regulated through a pervasive system or both formal and informal assignments intended to ensure that the employees conform to the behavior performance standards necessary for the achievement of the organizations business objectives, Medicinal the disciplinary process: Disciplinary process: I _ Legislative phase: 2. Interpreting phase: Administrative or Judicial phase: (i) Setting standards: Definition of desired standards of performance or behavior. These may be codified in a specific set of disciplinary rules or, more keel in some farm of general organization rules. (ii)performance assessment: Assessment of the employees performance or behavior against these standards.. (iii) Action/mechanism: The control mechanism itself to implement corrective action by means of sanctions when the accessed initial performance. Iv) Feedback: On the effectiveness of the corrective action by assessing whither the resultant performance or behavior of the employee now confirms to the designated standards. (v) Disciplinary action: Negative aspects of disciplinary action. Implementing disciplinary actions: 1. Verbal warnings: This is the most frequent and least sense penalty. It is necessary to distinguish between informal verbal warnings, which one not part of the formal disciplinary procedure. He formal verbal va rying should be recorded and the employee provided with written confirmation, 2, Written warnings: Should clearly state the offence far which the employee in being disciplined. 3. Suspension: It is important to distinguish between a precautionary suspension pending a disciplinary investigations and a disciplinary suspension without pay as a sanction within the formal disciplinary procedure. 4. Transfer or demotion: The contract of employment unless they are clearly allowed within the contract or management sense the employees consent to any transfer or demotion. 5. Fine and deductions form pay: In the nineteenth century it was common far the employer to fine the employee far breaches Of the rules. But today this has kinetically ceased. This problem has always been that if the amount of the fine was small them if had little effect, but if it was large it could involve the employees in financial leadership and lead to assessment. 6. Dismissal: A dismissal should only take place when there is no other alternative amiable. In his event the employer should ensure that the dismissal is fair and reasonable and in accordance with both the disciplinary produced and legal framework. . Identify the contains of C. B? The contains of C. B are three brand areas to activities. These are- (i) Substantive area ? Terms Conditions (a) Related to work in a totality. (ii) procedural area ? Rules Regulations. Rules regulations concern with managerial relations. Managerial relations induce exercise of managerial authority and the participation of employee and thei r representative in organizational decision making. The specific activities are- ) Regulatory framework b) Managing tuition. C) Control of hacker. D) Protection Of employee desired against management. ) Certainty of organizational relationship. (iii) Patterning area ? Working arrangement / Working setup. Working arrangement refers to defining the nature of the work and the way the work is to be done by employees. It is primarily associated the development of bargaining and the organizational level. Its functions are- a) Productivity ? unit productions in unit time. B) New technology ? Means new devices made out of science. C) Flexibility agreement . Accommodation nature of agreement. . Identify the levels at which C. B take place? Three levels ? (i) Plant/Factory levels ? Is the basic or micro level unite where negotiations are conducted between the management to the current plant and the collective bargaining agents of that plant, (ii) Industry level Employees are several units in the same industry in the band together and form and association which negotiates which a federation of trade unions, (iii) National level The representative of the trade unions and of the employees at the national level negotiates on arrive at statement. 3. What do you mean by industrial democracy? The pressure of employee involvement an employee participation in industrial environment. Determine the state of industrial report. It is also called wonders controlled or employees controlled. 4_ What do you mean by employee dissatisfaction? Dissatisfaction means a grave and negative conditions preserving among the employees due to unfulfilled of the expectation. 5. Consideration for implementers disciplinary nations? (i) Representation ? Most procedures allow for the employee to be accompanied by a union representative or fellow employee. The rule Of the union representative is clear to present the employees case and to ensure hat management conducts the interview and disciplinary process in a fair and reasonable manner. (ii) Apparels ? Provision must be made for the employee to be able, within a specified time limit, to appeal against any disciplinary action to a higher level of management. (xiii Wiping ? To move from one level to sanction to the next does not require the employee to commit a further act of indiscipline of a similar nature.